An American philosopher and writer. She writes extensively on the Enlightenment, moral philosophy, metaphysics, and politics. She studied at Harvard University and Freie Universität Berlin (Free University in Berlin). Before joining the Einstein Forum (2000), she was a professor at Yale University and Tel Aviv University. A member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the American Philosophical Society. The author of nine books translated into fifteen languages. Her articles appear in both American and German press.